🪣Data Sources

These are the various original data sources that we use as the inputs to our model to calculate the end-of-life fate data of different plastics and packaging types.

If you want to suggest potential other sources please get in touch with [email protected] and let us know

International Sources

  • Gaulier, G., & Zignago, S. (2010). Baci: international trade database at the product-level (the 1994-2007 version).

  • Elliott et al. (2018). Assessment of measures to reduce marine litter from single use plastics. ICF and Eunomia, M. European Commission, Brussels.

  • GAIA (2019). Discarded: Communities on the Frontlines of the Global Plastic Crisis.

  • OECD (2019). Global Plastics Outlook Database.

  • Blue environment (2020). National Waste Report 2020 - prepared for Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment

  • Kaza Silpa, Yao Lisa C., Bhada-Tata Perinaz, Van Woerden Frank (2018), What a Waste 2.0 : A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050

  • United Nations Statistics Division, UN COMTRADE. International Merchandise Trade Statistics.

Regional Source

Asia

  • Navarre et al. (2022) Recycled plastic packaging from the Dutch food sector pollutes Asian oceans;

Europe

  • Plastics Europe (2020), PlasticsEurope Polska annual report 2019

  • Eurostat (extracted Oct. 2021) waste generation and treatment database.

  • EU Infringements Decisions, May 2020;

  • EU Infringements Decisions, October 2021

  • EU Infringements Decisions, July 2021

  • EU Infringements Decisions, February 2022

  • European Environmental Agency (2014). Horizon 2020 Mediterranean report - Annex 6

Latin America and the Caribbean

  • IDB (2010). Regional evaluation on urban solid waste management in Latin America and the Caribbean - 2010 Report.

  • IDB (2012). Solid waste management in Latin America and the Caribbean.

  • Jambeck et al. (2020). Plastic Waste Management and Leakage in Latin America and the Caribbean.

  • UNEP (2018). Waste Management Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean.

  • Hettiarachchi H., Ryu S., Caucci S., Silva R. (2018), Municipal Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues and Potential Solutions from the Governance Perspective

  • Riqelme et al. (2016). Solid Waste Management in the Caribbean Proceedings from the Caribbean Solid Waste Conference

Middle East and North Africa

  • Thabit et al. (2022). Facts and Figures on Aspects of Waste Management in the Middle East and North Africa Region.

  • UNEP (2019). Waste Management Outlook for West Asia.

  • Zafar (2018). Waste Management Outlook for the Middle East.

  • African Clean Cities Platform (2019) Africa Solid Waste Management Data Book 2019_Recueil de données sur la gestion des déchets solides en Afrique

  • ONU (2015) L’Avenir de la Gestion des Déchets en Afrique

  • GCC-STAT (2020) Waste statistics in the GCC countries (Arab version)

Country-Specific Sources

Argentina

  • World Bank (2015). Diagnóstico de la Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos en la Argentina.

Bahrain

  • Coskuner et al. (2020) Quantification of landfill gas generation and renewable energy potential in arid countries: Case study of Bahrain

  • Blanchard et al. (2021) An Evaluation of Waste Management for Energy Recovery for Bahrain.

Bangladesh

  • Suiko Yoshijima et al. (2021). Towards a Multisectoral Action Plan for Sustainable Plastic Management in Bangladesh.

  • Salma Akter Urme et al. (2021). Dhaka landfill waste practices: addressing urban pollution and health hazards.

  • UNEP/CCAC (2013). Solid Waste Management in Dhaka.

Brazil

  • Abrelpe (2020). Panorama dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil.

  • Fidelis et al. (2020). Socio-productive inclusion of scavengers in municipal solid waste management in Brazil, Practices, paradigms and future prospects.

Cambodia

  • Pheakdey et al. (2022). Challenges and Priorities of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Cambodia.

  • Sethy et al. (2014). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Cambodia.

Canada

  • ECCC, Deloitte (2019) Economic Study of the Canadian Plastic Industry, Markets And Waste

China

  • CRRA (2020). China renewable resource recovery development report.

  • ChinaBaoGao (2021). China plastics recycling industry analysis report.

  • MSW management (2020). National Bureau of Statistics of China.

  • WorldBank (2019). Urban and Rural Municipal Solid Waste in China and the Circular Economy.

Colombia

  • Superservicios (2019). Informe de disposición final de residuos sólidos Colombia - 2018.

  • DANE (accessed in Oct.2021). Censo nacional de población y vivienda 2018 - Colombia

Ecuador

  • INEC (2021). Estadistica de Información Ambiental Económica en Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados Municipales. Gestion de Residuos Solidos 2020.

  • INEC (2019). Tabulados del Modulo de Información Ambiental en Hogares, ESPND 2019. Cuadro 5

Egypt

  • BMZ (2019). Improving waste management in Egypt.

  • Dr. Tarek Zaki et al. (2014). Country report on the solid waste management in Egypt.

  • Elfeki et al. (2015). Treatment of municipal organic solid waste in Egypt.

  • Mohamed El Raey (2015). Egypt National Action Plan for Land-Based Sources of Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea.

Greece

  • Eurostat (extracted Oct. 2021) waste generation and treatment database. Ethnos, 2021, Greece reduces fines from the EU by 32% for illegal landfills (article in Greek).

India

  • CPCB (2020-2021), Annual Report on Implmentation of Solid Waste Management Rules

  • Ministry of Housing and Urbain Affairs, Government of India (2019), Plastic Waste Management: Issues, Solutions and Case Studies

  • Akhilesh Kumar, Avlokita Agrawal (2020), Recent trends in solid waste management status, challenges, and potential for the future Indian cities - A review

Indonesia

  • NPAP (2020). Radically reducing plastic pollution in Indonesia : industry action roadmap indonesia national plastic action partnership. In WEF.

Italy

  • CJEU Case Law C498-17 Commission vs Italy (2019).

Jamaica

  • NSWMA (2015). Waste characterisation studies 2015; Statistical Insititute of Jamaica (https://statinja.gov.jm/Demo_SocialStats/Newpopulation.aspx)

Japan

  • Plastic Waste Management Institute(2019) An Introduction to Plastic Recycling.

  • Takashi, Amemiya (2018) Current State and Trend of Waste and Recycling in Japan.

Kenya

  • Elliott et al. (2018). Plastic Packaging Waste Flows in Kenya. Eunomia Research & Consulting Ltd, 37.

  • IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Kenya.

Kuwait

  • Alsulaili et al. (2016). An integrated solid waste management system in Kuwait.

  • Council for planning and development (2019). Kuwait National development plan 2020-2025.

  • UNHabitat (2016). National report kuwait housing and sustainable urban development.

Latvia

  • European Environment Agency (2022). Early warning assessment related to the 2025 targets for municipal waste and packaging waste - Country profile: Latvia.

Malaysia

  • Ministry of Environment, Plastic waste control plan (2020).

  • WWF (2020). Study on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Scheme Assessment for Packaging Waste in Malaysia.

  • Cheng et al., (2022) A Review of Future Household Waste Management for Sustainable Environment in Malaysian Cities

  • Chen et al., (2020) The plastic waste problem in Malaysia: management, recycling and disposal of local and global plastic waste

  • GAIA (2019). Discarded: Communities on the Frontlines of the Global Plastic Crisis

Mexico

  • Holland Circular Hotspot, (2021) Waste Management in the LATAM Region: Waste Management Country Report: Mexico

Morocco

  • Oxford Business Group (2020), Modernisation of Morocco's waste-management infrastructure receives international support

  • WWF (2019), Stop the flood of plastic. A guide for policy makers in Morocco

Mozambique

  • IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Mozambique.

  • IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Mozambique

  • Trade Data Monitoring (2022), 2019 data for Mozambique.

New Zealand

  • Estimates of waste generated in Aotearoa New Zealand. BERL (2019) Waste to energy – The incineration option

  • Ministry for the Environment (2019). Estimates of waste generated in Aotearoa New Zealand.

  • Plastics New Zealand (2005). Sustainable End-of-Life Options for Plastics in New Zealand.

Nigeria

  • Kehinde et al. (2020). Plastic wastes: environmental hazard and instrument for wealth creation in Nigeria

Pakistan

  • Asian development bank(2022), Solid waste management sector in pakistan march 2022 a reform road map for policy makers

  • unescap (2014), Baseline Study for Solid Waste Management - Karachi

  • Report, world bank group (2021). Pakistan: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas

  • International Trade Administration (2021), Pakistan Country Commercial Guide

Panama

  • Holland Circular Hotspot (2021). Waste Management Country Report - Panama

  • UNSTATS (2015). Panama Cuadro R3: Gestión de desechos municipales.

  • Urban Ocean (2021) Enhance the recovery of recyclable material in Panama City.

Peru

  • Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (2020). MÓDULO V: Servicios publicos locales saneamiento ambiental e salubridad, Cuadro 09.

  • Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (2016). Anuario Estatistico Ambientale. Componente 3: Residuos

Philippines

  • WWF (2021). EPR scheme assessment for plastic packaging waste in the Philippines.

  • World Bank Group (2021). Market Study for the Philippines: Plastics Circularity Opportunities and Barriers.

Poland

  • Journalismfund (2021) The waste mafia: Tracing illegal waste exports from germany to Poland.

  • Mohamed Alwaeli (2015) An overview of municipal solid waste management in Poland: The current situation, problems and challenges.

Qatar

  • Mariyam et al. (2022). Waste Management in Qatar: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for System Strengthening.

  • Thabit et al. (2022). Facts and Figures on Aspects of Waste Management in the Middle East and North Africa Region.

  • Planning and Statistics Authority, (June 2021). Environment Statistics Report in the State of Qatar 2020;

Republic of Korea

  • New Policy Framework with Plastic Waste Control Plan for Effective Plastic Waste Management (2020)

  • An Estimation of Actual Recycling and Final Disposal Rates of Municipal Solid Waste by Material Flow Analysis in Korea (2019)

  • kosis.kr Excel on informal collection (2020); Urban Informatics in Sustainable Waste Management: A Spatial Analysis of Korea’s Informal Recycling Networks (2021)

  • The Health Status of InformalWaste Collectors in Korea (2020)

Russia

  • Wünsch et al. (2022) Municipal solid waste management in Russia: potentials of climate change mitigation

  • IFC(2014) Waste in russia: garbage or valuable resource?

Rwanda

  • The World Bank (2022). Plastic Waste Management in Rwanda: An Ex-post Policy Analysis.

Saudi Arabia

  • BioEnergy Consult (2022). Recycling and Waste-to-Energy Prospects in Saudi Arabia

  • Hadidi et al. (2020). Deploying Municipal Solid Waste Management 3R-WTE Framework in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Future

  • Ossama et al. (2020). A Review of Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices in Saudi Arabia

  • Radwan et al. (2021). Optimization of solid waste collection using RSM approach, and strategies delivering sustainable development goals (SDG’s) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  • Arabnews (2022). How a culture of recycling can reduce waste generation in Saudi Arabia;

Singapore

  • Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources National Environment Agency (2019). Zero Waste Masterplan Singapore.

  • Singapore Environment Council (2018). Consumer Plastic & Plastic Resource Ecosystem in Singapore.

  • Sustainability and the Environment (2021). Launch of the Plastics Recycling Association of Singapore.

South Africa

  • IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for South Africa.

Switzerland

  • Office fédéral de l'environnement (2019). Recyclage des emballages pour boissons en 2019

  • Federal Office for the Environment (2022). Waste Disposal methods.

  • Klotz and Haupt (2022). A high-resolution dataset on the plastic material flows in Switzerland

Tanzania

  • IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Tanzania.

Thailand

  • IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Thailand.

Tunisia

  • GIZ, SWEEP-Net, ANGed (2014). Report on solid waste management in Tunisia.

  • Agence Nationale de Protection de l'Environnement (2020). Evaluation nationale des indicateurs H2020/PAN - Tunisie

Turkey

  • Karasik, R. Duke University (2022). Plastic Pollution Policy Country Profile: Turkey.

  • Turkish Statistical Institute (2022). Waste Statistics.

Uganda

  • CARE International (2019). Plastic waste recycling and local manufacturing of products made from the recycled plastic.

  • Castellani et al. (2022). Setting priorities to achieve Sustainable Development Goals through appropriate waste management systems in Uganda.

  • NatuRes (2021). Exploring PET plastic waste flows in Greater Kampala.

United Arab Emirates

  • Federal Competitiveness and Statistic Centre (2016) Waste Statistics

  • SCAD (Statistic Centre Abu Dhabi) (2019) Waste statistics in Abu Dhabi emirate;

United States

  • EPA (2020). Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2018 Fact Sheet.

  • Law et al. (2020). The United States’ contribution of plastic waste to land and ocean.

Uruguay

  • Grau Javier, Terraza Horacio, Rodríguez Velosa Diana Milena, Rihm Alfredo, Sturzenegger Germán (2015), Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean

  • Ministerio de Ambiente (2021), Plan nacional de gestión de residuos

Vietnam

  • IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Vietnam.

  • GA Circular and WEF (2020). Vietnam National Plastic Action Plan - Roadmap to Radically Reduce Plastic Leakage

  • World Bank Group (2022). Market Study for Vietnam : Plastics Circularity Opportunities and Barriers. Marine Plastics Series.

  • MONRE (2019). National Environmental Status Report 2019, Theme: Management of solid waste (in Vietnamese)

Zambia

  • Sambo et al. (2020). Sustainable Solid Waste Management: An Assessment of Solid Waste Treatment in Lusaka, Zambia.

  • Tejumola et al. (2012). Ni Vus Ni Connus : La Contribution Des Récupérateurs Informels Dans Les Pays En Développement

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