Data Sources
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These are the various original data sources that we use as the inputs to our to calculate the end-of-life fate data of different plastics and packaging types.
Gaulier, G., & Zignago, S. (2010). Baci: international trade database at the product-level (the 1994-2007 version).
Elliott et al. (2018). Assessment of measures to reduce marine litter from single use plastics. ICF and Eunomia, M. European Commission, Brussels.
GAIA (2019). Discarded: Communities on the Frontlines of the Global Plastic Crisis.
OECD (2019). Global Plastics Outlook Database.
Blue environment (2020). National Waste Report 2020 - prepared for Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
Kaza Silpa, Yao Lisa C., Bhada-Tata Perinaz, Van Woerden Frank (2018), What a Waste 2.0 : A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050
United Nations Statistics Division, UN COMTRADE. International Merchandise Trade Statistics.
Navarre et al. (2022) Recycled plastic packaging from the Dutch food sector pollutes Asian oceans;
Plastics Europe (2020), PlasticsEurope Polska annual report 2019
Eurostat (extracted Oct. 2021) waste generation and treatment database.
EU Infringements Decisions, May 2020;
EU Infringements Decisions, October 2021
EU Infringements Decisions, July 2021
EU Infringements Decisions, February 2022
European Environmental Agency (2014). Horizon 2020 Mediterranean report - Annex 6
IDB (2010). Regional evaluation on urban solid waste management in Latin America and the Caribbean - 2010 Report.
IDB (2012). Solid waste management in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Jambeck et al. (2020). Plastic Waste Management and Leakage in Latin America and the Caribbean.
UNEP (2018). Waste Management Outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean.
Hettiarachchi H., Ryu S., Caucci S., Silva R. (2018), Municipal Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean: Issues and Potential Solutions from the Governance Perspective
Riqelme et al. (2016). Solid Waste Management in the Caribbean Proceedings from the Caribbean Solid Waste Conference
Thabit et al. (2022). Facts and Figures on Aspects of Waste Management in the Middle East and North Africa Region.
UNEP (2019). Waste Management Outlook for West Asia.
Zafar (2018). Waste Management Outlook for the Middle East.
African Clean Cities Platform (2019) Africa Solid Waste Management Data Book 2019_Recueil de données sur la gestion des déchets solides en Afrique
ONU (2015) L’Avenir de la Gestion des Déchets en Afrique
GCC-STAT (2020) Waste statistics in the GCC countries (Arab version)
World Bank (2015). Diagnóstico de la Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos Urbanos en la Argentina.
Coskuner et al. (2020) Quantification of landfill gas generation and renewable energy potential in arid countries: Case study of Bahrain
Blanchard et al. (2021) An Evaluation of Waste Management for Energy Recovery for Bahrain.
Suiko Yoshijima et al. (2021). Towards a Multisectoral Action Plan for Sustainable Plastic Management in Bangladesh.
Salma Akter Urme et al. (2021). Dhaka landfill waste practices: addressing urban pollution and health hazards.
UNEP/CCAC (2013). Solid Waste Management in Dhaka.
Abrelpe (2020). Panorama dos resíduos sólidos no Brasil.
Fidelis et al. (2020). Socio-productive inclusion of scavengers in municipal solid waste management in Brazil, Practices, paradigms and future prospects.
Pheakdey et al. (2022). Challenges and Priorities of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Cambodia.
Sethy et al. (2014). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Cambodia.
ECCC, Deloitte (2019) Economic Study of the Canadian Plastic Industry, Markets And Waste
CRRA (2020). China renewable resource recovery development report.
ChinaBaoGao (2021). China plastics recycling industry analysis report.
MSW management (2020). National Bureau of Statistics of China.
WorldBank (2019). Urban and Rural Municipal Solid Waste in China and the Circular Economy.
Superservicios (2019). Informe de disposición final de residuos sólidos Colombia - 2018.
DANE (accessed in Oct.2021). Censo nacional de población y vivienda 2018 - Colombia
INEC (2021). Estadistica de Información Ambiental Económica en Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados Municipales. Gestion de Residuos Solidos 2020.
INEC (2019). Tabulados del Modulo de Información Ambiental en Hogares, ESPND 2019. Cuadro 5
BMZ (2019). Improving waste management in Egypt.
Dr. Tarek Zaki et al. (2014). Country report on the solid waste management in Egypt.
Elfeki et al. (2015). Treatment of municipal organic solid waste in Egypt.
Mohamed El Raey (2015). Egypt National Action Plan for Land-Based Sources of Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea.
Eurostat (extracted Oct. 2021) waste generation and treatment database. Ethnos, 2021, Greece reduces fines from the EU by 32% for illegal landfills (article in Greek).
CPCB (2020-2021), Annual Report on Implmentation of Solid Waste Management Rules
Ministry of Housing and Urbain Affairs, Government of India (2019), Plastic Waste Management: Issues, Solutions and Case Studies
Akhilesh Kumar, Avlokita Agrawal (2020), Recent trends in solid waste management status, challenges, and potential for the future Indian cities - A review
NPAP (2020). Radically reducing plastic pollution in Indonesia : industry action roadmap indonesia national plastic action partnership. In WEF.
CJEU Case Law C498-17 Commission vs Italy (2019).
NSWMA (2015). Waste characterisation studies 2015; Statistical Insititute of Jamaica (https://statinja.gov.jm/Demo_SocialStats/Newpopulation.aspx)
Plastic Waste Management Institute(2019) An Introduction to Plastic Recycling.
Takashi, Amemiya (2018) Current State and Trend of Waste and Recycling in Japan.
Elliott et al. (2018). Plastic Packaging Waste Flows in Kenya. Eunomia Research & Consulting Ltd, 37.
IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Kenya.
Alsulaili et al. (2016). An integrated solid waste management system in Kuwait.
Council for planning and development (2019). Kuwait National development plan 2020-2025.
UNHabitat (2016). National report kuwait housing and sustainable urban development.
European Environment Agency (2022). Early warning assessment related to the 2025 targets for municipal waste and packaging waste - Country profile: Latvia.
Ministry of Environment, Plastic waste control plan (2020).
WWF (2020). Study on Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Scheme Assessment for Packaging Waste in Malaysia.
Cheng et al., (2022) A Review of Future Household Waste Management for Sustainable Environment in Malaysian Cities
Chen et al., (2020) The plastic waste problem in Malaysia: management, recycling and disposal of local and global plastic waste
GAIA (2019). Discarded: Communities on the Frontlines of the Global Plastic Crisis
Holland Circular Hotspot, (2021) Waste Management in the LATAM Region: Waste Management Country Report: Mexico
Oxford Business Group (2020), Modernisation of Morocco's waste-management infrastructure receives international support
WWF (2019), Stop the flood of plastic. A guide for policy makers in Morocco
IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Mozambique.
IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Mozambique
Trade Data Monitoring (2022), 2019 data for Mozambique.
Estimates of waste generated in Aotearoa New Zealand. BERL (2019) Waste to energy – The incineration option
Ministry for the Environment (2019). Estimates of waste generated in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Plastics New Zealand (2005). Sustainable End-of-Life Options for Plastics in New Zealand.
Kehinde et al. (2020). Plastic wastes: environmental hazard and instrument for wealth creation in Nigeria
Asian development bank(2022), Solid waste management sector in pakistan march 2022 a reform road map for policy makers
unescap (2014), Baseline Study for Solid Waste Management - Karachi
Report, world bank group (2021). Pakistan: Sustainable Solid Waste Management in Mountain Areas
International Trade Administration (2021), Pakistan Country Commercial Guide
Holland Circular Hotspot (2021). Waste Management Country Report - Panama
UNSTATS (2015). Panama Cuadro R3: Gestión de desechos municipales.
Urban Ocean (2021) Enhance the recovery of recyclable material in Panama City.
Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (2020). MÓDULO V: Servicios publicos locales saneamiento ambiental e salubridad, Cuadro 09.
Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica (2016). Anuario Estatistico Ambientale. Componente 3: Residuos
WWF (2021). EPR scheme assessment for plastic packaging waste in the Philippines.
World Bank Group (2021). Market Study for the Philippines: Plastics Circularity Opportunities and Barriers.
Journalismfund (2021) The waste mafia: Tracing illegal waste exports from germany to Poland.
Mohamed Alwaeli (2015) An overview of municipal solid waste management in Poland: The current situation, problems and challenges.
Mariyam et al. (2022). Waste Management in Qatar: A Systematic Literature Review and Recommendations for System Strengthening.
Thabit et al. (2022). Facts and Figures on Aspects of Waste Management in the Middle East and North Africa Region.
Planning and Statistics Authority, (June 2021). Environment Statistics Report in the State of Qatar 2020;
New Policy Framework with Plastic Waste Control Plan for Effective Plastic Waste Management (2020)
An Estimation of Actual Recycling and Final Disposal Rates of Municipal Solid Waste by Material Flow Analysis in Korea (2019)
kosis.kr Excel on informal collection (2020); Urban Informatics in Sustainable Waste Management: A Spatial Analysis of Korea’s Informal Recycling Networks (2021)
The Health Status of InformalWaste Collectors in Korea (2020)
Wünsch et al. (2022) Municipal solid waste management in Russia: potentials of climate change mitigation
IFC(2014) Waste in russia: garbage or valuable resource?
The World Bank (2022). Plastic Waste Management in Rwanda: An Ex-post Policy Analysis.
BioEnergy Consult (2022). Recycling and Waste-to-Energy Prospects in Saudi Arabia
Hadidi et al. (2020). Deploying Municipal Solid Waste Management 3R-WTE Framework in Saudi Arabia: Challenges and Future
Ossama et al. (2020). A Review of Municipal Solid Waste Management Practices in Saudi Arabia
Radwan et al. (2021). Optimization of solid waste collection using RSM approach, and strategies delivering sustainable development goals (SDG’s) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Arabnews (2022). How a culture of recycling can reduce waste generation in Saudi Arabia;
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources National Environment Agency (2019). Zero Waste Masterplan Singapore.
Singapore Environment Council (2018). Consumer Plastic & Plastic Resource Ecosystem in Singapore.
Sustainability and the Environment (2021). Launch of the Plastics Recycling Association of Singapore.
IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for South Africa.
Office fédéral de l'environnement (2019). Recyclage des emballages pour boissons en 2019
Federal Office for the Environment (2022). Waste Disposal methods.
Klotz and Haupt (2022). A high-resolution dataset on the plastic material flows in Switzerland
IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Tanzania.
IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Thailand.
GIZ, SWEEP-Net, ANGed (2014). Report on solid waste management in Tunisia.
Agence Nationale de Protection de l'Environnement (2020). Evaluation nationale des indicateurs H2020/PAN - Tunisie
Karasik, R. Duke University (2022). Plastic Pollution Policy Country Profile: Turkey.
Turkish Statistical Institute (2022). Waste Statistics.
CARE International (2019). Plastic waste recycling and local manufacturing of products made from the recycled plastic.
Castellani et al. (2022). Setting priorities to achieve Sustainable Development Goals through appropriate waste management systems in Uganda.
NatuRes (2021). Exploring PET plastic waste flows in Greater Kampala.
Federal Competitiveness and Statistic Centre (2016) Waste Statistics
SCAD (Statistic Centre Abu Dhabi) (2019) Waste statistics in Abu Dhabi emirate;
EPA (2020). Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2018 Fact Sheet.
Law et al. (2020). The United States’ contribution of plastic waste to land and ocean.
Grau Javier, Terraza Horacio, Rodríguez Velosa Diana Milena, Rihm Alfredo, Sturzenegger Germán (2015), Solid Waste Management in Latin America and the Caribbean
Ministerio de Ambiente (2021), Plan nacional de gestión de residuos
IUCN/UNEP (2020). National Guidance for plastic pollution hotspotting and shaping action - Report for Vietnam.
GA Circular and WEF (2020). Vietnam National Plastic Action Plan - Roadmap to Radically Reduce Plastic Leakage
World Bank Group (2022). Market Study for Vietnam : Plastics Circularity Opportunities and Barriers. Marine Plastics Series.
MONRE (2019). National Environmental Status Report 2019, Theme: Management of solid waste (in Vietnamese)
Sambo et al. (2020). Sustainable Solid Waste Management: An Assessment of Solid Waste Treatment in Lusaka, Zambia.
Tejumola et al. (2012). Ni Vus Ni Connus : La Contribution Des Récupérateurs Informels Dans Les Pays En Développement